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Maths Standard
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Earning and Managing Money
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Formulae and Equations
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Measurement and Energy
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Relative Frequency and Probability
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Perimeter, Area and Volume
- Area of Circles and Sectors
- Area of Composite Shapes
- Trapezoidal Rule
- Surface Area of Right Prisms
- Surface Area of Cylinders and Spheres
- Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
- Volume of Right Prisms
- Volume of Cylinders and Spheres
- Volume of Pyramids and Cones
- Surface Area and Volume of Composite Solids
- Capacity
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Classifying and Representing Data
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Linear Relationships
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Interest and Depreciation
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Exploring and Describing Data
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Working with Time
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Budgeting and Household Expenses
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Maths Advanced
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Working With Functions
- Linear Parametric Equations
- Quadratic Inequalities
- Sketching Square-Root Functions
- Index Laws and Surds
- Solving Quadratic Equations (Quadratic Formula and Completing the Square)
- Manipulation of Algebraic Expressions
- What is a Function and Relation?
- Function Notation for Domain and Range
- The Graph of a Function
- Identifying the Type of Function (Vertical Line Test)
- Odd and Even Functions
- Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions
- Composite Functions
- Finding the X-Intercepts
- Solving Linear Function Problems
- Solving Quadratic Function Problems
- Simultaneous Equations
- Solving Cubic Function Problems
- Defining a Real Polynomial
- Identifying the Coefficients and Degree of a Polynomial
- Identifying the Shape and Features of a Polynomial Function
- Hyperbolas
- Absolute Value
- Transformations of an Absolute Value Function
- Solving and Graphing Absolute Value Functions
- Reflecting Functions
- Circles
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Trigonometric Functions
- Using Trigonometric Ratios to Solve Problems (Sine, Cosine, Tangent)
- Sine Rule, Cosine Rule, Area of a Triangle
- The Ambiguous Case of the Sine Rule (Obtuse Angle)
- Solving Problems in Two and Three Dimensions with the use of a Diagram
- Angles of Elevation and Depression and True and Compass Bearings
- Unit Circle in Degrees
- Defining a Radian
- Unit Circle in Radians
- Trigonometric Ratios of Any Magnitude In Degrees and Radians
- Sketching Sin, Cos and Tan Curves
- Arc Length and Area of a Sector for a Circle
- Solving Problems Involving Sector Areas, Arc Lengths and Combinations of Either Areas or Lengths
- Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions (Cosec, Sec, Cot)
- Sketching Cosec, Sec and Cot Graphs
- Proving and Applying Trigonometric Pythagorean Identities
- Using tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x) provided that cos(x) is not equal 0
- Proving Trigonometric Identities
- Evaluating Trigonometric Expressions with Angles of Any Magnitude and Complementary Angles
- Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions and Solving Trigonometric Equations
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Calculus
- Continuous and Discontinuous Functions
- Gradient of a Secant as an Approximation of the Tangent
- Relationship between Angle of Inclination, Tangent and Gradient
- Describing the Behaviour of a Function
- Using the Difference Quotient
- Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
- h Approaching 0 in the Difference Quotient
- Derivative as the Gradient of the Tangent of the Graph
- Estimating the Value of the Derivative at a Point
- Notation for Differentiation Using First Principles
- Differentiation Using First Principles for Simple Polynomials
- Derivative as a Function
- Sketching the Derivative Function
- Instantaneous Rate of Change
- Differentiating a Function
- Differentiating the Sum or Difference of Two Functions
- The Product, Quotient and Chain Rules
- Derivatives of Power Functions
- Finding the Equation of a Tangent or Normal of a Function at a Given Point
- Position, Velocity and Acceleration Using Derivatives
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Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
- Logarithms
- Exponential Functions
- Relationship between Logarithms and Exponentials
- Logarithmic Laws
- Change of Base
- Interpreting and Using Logarithmic Scales (Seismic, pH, Acoustics)
- Solving Logarithmic Problems
- Introduction to Exponential Functions and Euler's Number (e)
- Differentiating the Exponential Function
- Natural Logarithms Problems
- Solving Equations Involving Indices Using Logarithms
- Graphing Logarithmic Functions and its Transformations
- Algebraic Properties of Exponential Functions
- Solving Exponential Problems
- Graphing Exponential Functions and its Transformations
- Modelling Situations with Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
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Statistical Analysis
- Theoretical Probability, Relative Frequency and Probability Scale
- Solving Problems Involving Simulations or Trials of Experiments
- Array and Tree Diagrams
- Venn Diagrams
- Complement and Addition Theorem
- Conditional Probability
- Mutually Exclusive
- Multiplication Rule
- Defining and Categorising Random Variables
- Expected Value, Variance, and Standard Deviation
- Sample mean
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Maths Extension
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Further Work with Functions
- Introduction to Graphing Relationships
- Sketching Inverse Functions
- Sketching Squared Functions
- Graphing Absolute Functions
- Graphing Added Functions
- Graphing Multiplied Functions
- Graphing Questions
- Introduction to Inequalities
- Linear Inequalities
- Rational Inequalities
- Inequalities with Absolute Values
- Inequalities Questions
- Introduction to Inverse Functions
- Graphing Inverse Functions
- Testing for a Function
- Restrictions in Inverse Functions
- Domain and Range for Inverse Functions
- Inverse Function Questions
- Introduction to Parametric Form
- Parabolic Parametric Equations
- Circular Parametric Equations
- Eliminating the Parameter in Parametric Form
- T Parametric Form
- Parametric to Cartesian form
- Sketch Parametric Functions
- Root of Cubic Polynomial
- Mutliplicity of roots
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Polynomials
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Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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Further Trigonometric Identities
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Rates of Change
- Questions on Exponential Growth
- Sketching the Exponential Function
- Questions on Exponential Growth & Decay
- Newton's Law of Cooling
- Sketching the Exponential Function
- Initial Value of the Exponential Model
- Growth Model
- Introduction to Rates of Change
- Language of Rates of Change
- Finding Derivatives with Time
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Exponential Growth and Decay
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Working with Combinatorics
- Counting Principle
- Factorials
- Circular Combinations
- Pigeonhole Principle
- Permutations
- Permutations with Repetitions
- Permutations without Repeats
- Combinations
- Questions on Permutations & Combinations
- Pascals Triangle
- Binomial Expansion
- Combinations and Binomials
- Derive and Simple Identities Associated with Pascal’s Triangle
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Chemistry
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Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter
- Introduction to Properties of Matter
- Separation Techniques
- Percentage Composition
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Inorganic Substances
- Physical and Chemical Properties
- Introduction to Atomic Structure and Atomic Mass
- Energy Levels in Atoms
- Electronic Configuration and spdf Notation
- Examining Energy Levels
- Relative Atomic Mass
- Properties of Unstable Isotopes
- Introduction to Periodicity
- Atomic Radii
- Ionisation Energy and Electronegativity
- Reactivity with Water
- Introduction to Bonding
- Role of Electronegativity in Determining Bonding
- Allotropy
- Intermolecular and Intramolecular Bonding
- Different Chemical Structures of Atoms and Elements
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Module 2: Introduction to Quantitative Chemistry
- Introduction to the Mole Concept
- Models of Chemical Reactions
- Molar Mass
- Percentage Composition and Empirical Formulae
- Limiting Reagents
- Introduction to Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry and The Law of Conservation of Mass
- Introduction to Concentration and Molarity
- Calculating Concentration
- Making a Standard Solution via Dilution
- Introduction to Gas Laws
- The Ideal Gas Law
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Module 3: Reactive Chemistry
- Introduction to Chemical Reactions
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Applications of Chemical Processes
- Common Chemical Reactions
- Introduction to Predicting Reactions of Metals
- Metal Activity Series
- Patterns in Metal Activity
- Oxidation and Reduction
- Galvanic Cells and Half Cells
- Predicting Reactions of Metals and Spontaneity Using Standard Reduction Potentials
- Introduction to Rates of Reactions
- Factors that Influence the Rate of Reaction
- Using Collision Theory to Explain Reaction Rate
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Module 4: Drivers of Reactions
- Introduction to Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
- Enthalpy
- Energy Profile Diagrams
- The Role of Catalysts
- Introduction to Enthalpy and Hess’s Law
- Hess's Law and Energy Cycles
- Hess's Law
- Introduction to Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
- Predicting Entropy Changes
- Explaining Spontaneous Reactions
- Temperature and Spontaneity
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Biology
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Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life
- Introduction to Cellular Structures
- Technologies Used to Determine Cell Structures
- Drawing Scaled Diagrams
- Cell Organelles and Arrangements
- The Fluid Mosaic Model
- Introduction to Cell Function
- Active Transport
- The Balance of Surface Area to Volume
- Cell Requirements
- Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration
- Enzymes and Their Role in Cells
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Module 2: Organisation of Living Things
- Organisation of Cells
- Structure and Function of Tissues, Organs and Systems
- The Hierarchy of Structure in Organisms
- Introduction to Nutrient and Gas Requirements
- Special Plant Structures
- Structure and Function of Plants
- Digestion in Mammals
- Microscopic Gas Exchange Structures
- Gas Exchange Structures in Different Animals
- Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Requirements
- Introduction to Transport
- Vascular Systems in Plants and Animals
- Open and Closed Systems in Animals
- Changing Composition of Blood Through The Body
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Module 3: Biological Diversity
- Introduction to Effects of the Environment on Organisms
- Selection Pressures in Action
- Introduction to Adaptations
- The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
- Introduction to The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
- Microevolutionary Changes
- Convergent and Divergent Evolution
- Introduction to Evolution - the Evidence
- Modern-Day Examples
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Module 4: Ecosystem Dynamics
- Introduction to Population Dynamics
- Ecological Niches
- Predicting Consequences Based on Changes to Ecosystems
- Sampling Techniques
- Extinction Events
- Introduction to Past Ecosystems
- Determining Past Changes with Technology
- Evidence of Evolution of Present-Day Organisms in Australia
- Reasons for Changes in Past Ecosystems
- Introduction to Future Ecosystems
- Climate Change and Ecosystems
- Restoring Damaged Ecosystems
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Physics
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Module 1: Kinematics
- Describing Motion Using Scalar and Vector Quantities
- Instantaneous and Average Velocity
- Relative Velocity
- Motions of Objects in One Dimension (Time, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Acceleration)
- Modelling Relationships between Variables in Rectilinear Motion
- Vectors in One and Two Dimensions
- Vector Addition
- Analysing the Motion of Objects Algebraically, Graphically and with Vector Diagrams
- Relative Motion of Objects in Two Dimensions
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Module 2: Dynamics
- Describing Static and Dynamic Interactions (Newton's Laws of Motion)
- Net Force and Equilibrium
- Solving Problems Involving Resultant and Component Forces
- Practical Investigation: Motion of Objects on Inclined Planes
- Newton’s First Two Laws of Motion to a Variety of Everyday Situations (Friction)
- Acceleration of a Single Object Subjected to a Force (Newton’s Second Law of Motion)
- The Special Case of Conservation of Mechanical Energy (Work Done and Gravitational Potential Energy)
- Average Power
- Interactions Between Objects in Simple Closed Systems
- Law of Conservation of Momentum (Elastic Collisions)
- Force as a Function of Time
- Impulse
- Momentum and Kinetic Energy of Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
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Module 3: Waves and Thermodynamics
- Practical Investigation: Creation of Mechanical Waves
- Practical Investigation: Transverse, Longitudinal, Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves
- Graphs of Displacement as a Function of Time (Transverse and Longitudinal Waves)
- Solving problems using v=fλ and f=1/T
- Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction and Wave Superposition
- Progressive and Standing Waves
- Resonance in Mechanical Systems (Driving Frequency, Natural Frequency, Amplitude, Transfer of Energy)
- Practical Investigation: Pitch and Loudness of a Sound
- Sound in Air as a Longitudinal Wave
- Displacement of Air Molecules as Variations in Pressure
- Relationship Between Distance and Intensity of Sound
- Reflection, Diffraction, Resonance and Superposition of Sound Waves
- Behaviour of Standing Waves on Strings and Pipes
- The Doppler Effect and Beats
- Practical Investigation: Formation of Images in Mirrors and Lenses
- Refraction and Total Internal Reflection
- Snell's Law
- Practical Investigation: Phenomenon of the Dispersion of Light
- Relationship Between the Inverse Square Law, the Intensity of Light and the Transfer of Energy
- Applying Equations and Relationships to Solve Questions (Refraction Index, Snell's Law, Critical Angle, Intensity of Light)
- Relationship Between the Temperature of an Object and Kinetic Energy
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Relationship between the Change in Temperature of an Object and its Specific Heat Capacity (Q = mcâ–³T)
- Conduction, Convection and Radiation
- Latent Heat Involved in a Change of State
- Thermal Conductivity
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Module 4: Electricity and Magnetism
- Introduction to Electrostatics
- Electric Field Lines Representation
- Applying the Electric Field Model using Formulas
- Moving Charge in an Electric Field
- Flow of Electric Currents in Metals (I=q/t)
- Current-Voltage Relationship and Ohm's Law
- The Rate of Conversion of Electrical Energy in Components of Electrical Circuits, as Heat and Light (P=VI and E=Pt)
- Series and Parallel Circuits (Kirchhoff's Laws, Series and Parallel Formula)
- Law of Conservation of Energy to the Heating Effects of Electric Currents
- Force Produced Between Magnetised and Magnetic Materials in the Context of Ferromagnetic Materials
- Using Magnetic Field Lines to Model Properties of Magnets, Current-Carrying Wires and Solenoids.
- The Magnetic Field Produced by Wires and Solenoids
- How do Ferromagnetic Materials Become Magnetised
- Applying Models to Represent Features of Magnetic Fields
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Economics
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Preliminary Topic 1: Introduction to Economics
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Preliminary Topic 2: Consumers and Business
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Preliminary Topic 3: Markets
- Law of Demand
- Factors Affecting Demand
- Movements and Shifts in the Demand Curve
- The Law of Supply
- Factors Affecting Supply
- Movements and Shifts Along the Supply Curve
- Market Equilibrium
- Effects of Changes in Supply and Demand on the Market Equilibrium
- Price Ceilings and Price Floors
- Market Failure, Merit Goods, Public Goods and Externalities
- Price Elasticity, Inelasticity and Unit Elasticity of Demand
- Calculating Price Elasticity Using the Total Outlay Method
- Factors Affecting the Price Elasticity of Demand
- Elastic and Inelastic Supply
- Factors Affecting the Price Elasticity of Supply
- Market Structures and Variations in Competition
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Preliminary Topic 4: Labour Markets
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Preliminary Topic 5: Financial Markets
- Primary and Secondary Markets
- Types of Financial Markets
- The Role and Function of the Share Market
- The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)
- The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA)
- The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
- Transactions and Speculative Motives
- Currency and Broad Money
- The Role of the Reserve Bank in Determining the Cash Rate
- Influence of the Cash Rate on Market Interest Rates
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Preliminary Topic 6: Government and the Economy
- The Provision of Public Goods and Merit Goods
- Inequality and the Distribution of Income
- Externalities and the Environment
- Monopoly Power
- The Levels of Government and Constitutional Powers
- The Reallocation of Resources
- The Redistribution of Income through Taxation and Government Spending
- Monetary and Fiscal Policies
- Types of Budgets - Surplus, Balanced and Deficit
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Maths Standard
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Simultaneous Linear Equations
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Non-linear Relationships
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Non-Right Angled Trigonometry
- What are Trigonometric Ratios - SOHCAHTOA
- Finding an Unknown Side in a Right-Angled Triangle
- Finding an Unknown Angle in a Right-Angled Triangle
- Angles of Elevation and Depression
- Compass and True Bearings
- Trigonometry with Obtuse Angles
- Area of a Triangle
- The Sine Rule
- The Cosine Rule
- Sine or Cosine: Which One Do I Use?
- Radial Surveys
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Rates and Ratios
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Investments and Loans
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Annuities
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Bivariate Data Analysis
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The Normal Distribution
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Network Concepts
- Networks and Its Terminology
- Travelling a Network
- Drawing a Network Diagram
- Drawing a Network Graph to Represent a Map and Table
- Eulerian Trails and Circuits
- Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles
- Network Problems: Konigsberg bridge problem
- Minimum Spanning Trees
- Solving Connector Problems
- Finding the Shortest Path
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Critical Path Analysis
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Maths Advanced
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Functions
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Trigonometric Functions
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Calculus
- Finding the Derivative sinx and cosx
- Derivatives of Trigonometic Functions
- Finding the Derivative of Exponentials
- Derivatives of the Natural Logarithm Functions (ln (x))
- Finding the Derivative of Logarithms
- Applications of Product, Quotient and Chain Rules
- First Derivative of the Graph of a Function
- Second Derivative of the Graph of a Function
- Solving Problems using the Derivatives of the Functions
- Stationary Points & Points of Inflection
- Optimisation Problems in a Variety of Contexts
- Introduction to Integration (Anti-Differentiation)
- Integration Notation
- Reverse Chain Rule
- Integration of Trigonometric Functions
- Integration of e (Euler's Number)
- Integration of 1/x
- Integration of Exponentials
- Linearity in Anti-Differentiation
- Indefinite Integrals
- Solving Anti-Differentiation Problems
- Area under a Curve
- Approximation of the Area using Shapes
- Definite Integrals
- Trapezoidal Rule
- Area Above and Below the X Axis (Signed Area)
- Using Geometric Ideas to find the Definite Integral
- Calculating Translated Definite Integrals
- Link between Anti-Derivative and Area Under a Curve
- Calculating Area under a Curve
- Calculating Areas between Curves
- Solving Indefinite and Definite Integrals
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Financial Mathematics
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Statistical Analysis
- Single Random Variable
- Display Data
- Central Tendency
- Summary Statistics
- Scatterplot
- Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
- Line of Best Fit
- Interpolation
- Histograms
- Probability Density Function
- Cumulative Distribution Function
- Standardisation
- Normal Distribution Characteristics
- Use Z-score to Compare
- Sketching Statistical Functions
- Z-score and Outcomes
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Maths Extension 1
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Proof
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Vectors
- Vectors: Motion of a Projectile
- What are Vectors?
- Vector Notations
- Vectors Operations
- Geometric Results of Vectors
- Unit Vectors and Vectors in Two Dimensions
- Applications of Vectors
- Dot Product and Angle of Vectors
- Parallel Vectors and Projection
- Vectors: Introduction to Projectile Motion
- Solving Projectile Motion Questions
- Further Operations with Vectors
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Further Trigonometric Functions
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Further Calculus
- Derivatives of Inverse Functions
- Integrals of Cosine and Sine Double Angles
- Double Angle Formulae for Sine and Cosine
- Integration by Substitution
- First Order Linear Differential Equation
- Solving Differential Equations
- Types of Differential Equations
- What is a Differential Equation?
- Solid of Revolution Between Curves
- Solids of a Revolution
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Further Statistical Analysis
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Chemistry
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Module 5: Equilibrium and Acid Reactions
- Reversibility of Chemical Reactions
- Models of Static and Dynamic Equilibrium
- Relationship between Collision Theory and Reaction Rate
- Effects of Temperature, Concentration, Volume and Pressure on a System at Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle
- Observations about Equilibrium in terms of Collision Theory
- Activation energy and Heat of Reaction
- Equilibrium Expression for Homogeneous Reactions
- Calculations of Keq and Predictions of the Reaction Direction
- Effect of Temperature on Keq
- Investigation of Keq of a Chemical Equilibrium System
- Use of Keq for Different Types of Chemical Reactions
- Dissolution of Ionic Compounds in Water
- Solubility Equilibria Investigation: Cycad Fruit
- Investigation on Solubility Rules and Composition of a Mixture of Two Ionic Substances
- Equilibrium Expressions (Ksp) for Saturated Solutions
- Prediction of the Formation of Precipitates using Ksp
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Module 6: Acid/Base Reactions
- IUPAC Nomenclature and Properties of Inorganic Acids and Bases
- Investigation of the Properties of Indicators in Acids and Bases
- Products and Balanced Equations of Acid Reactions
- Applications of Everyday and Industrial Neutralisation Reactions
- Enthalpy of Neutralisation
- Changes in Acid and Base Definitions and Models Over Time
- Practical Investigation of pH Range of Acid and Bases
- Calculations of pH and pOH
- Uses of pH to Indicate the Differences Between the Strength of Acids and Bases
- Ionic Equations for the Dissociation of Acid and Bases
- Models of Strong, Weak, Concentrated and Dilute Acid and Bases
- pH of the Resultant Solution of Diluted or Mixed Acids and/or Bases
- Titration
- Titration Curves and Conductivity Graphs
- Modeling Neutralisation of Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
- Calculating the Dissociation Constant and pKA
- Acid/Base Analysis Techniques
- Chemical Analysis of Common Household Substances
- Investigation on Buffers
- Buffers in Natural Systems
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Module 7: Organic Chemistry
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemicals
- Structural Isomers
- Models and Formulae for Functional Groups in Homologous Series
- Properties of Organic Chemical Compounds within Homologous Series
- Shapes of Molecules VSEPR Theory (Single, Double or Triple Bonded)
- Procedures to Handle and Dispose of Organic Substances
- Implications of Hydrocarbons
- Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Addition Reactions: Hydrogenation, Halogenation, Hydrohalogenation, Hydration)
- Substitution Reactions of Saturated Hydrogens with Halogens
- Properties of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
- Effects of Intermolecular and Intramolecular Bonding Between Alcohols
- Enthalpy of Combustion for Alcohols
- Reactions of Alcohols (Combustion, Dehydration, Substitution with HX, Oxidation)
- Production of Alcohols (Substitution of Halogenated Organic Compounds, Fermentation)
- Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols
- Comparing Ethanol-Based Fuels
- Properties of Organic Chemical Compounds (Boiling Point and Solubility)
- The Intermolecular and Intramolecular bonding of Carboxylic Acids, Animes and Amides
- Production of Simple Esters
- Differences between an Organic Acid and Base
- Soaps and Detergents
- Reaction Pathways for Chemical Synthesis
- Addition Polymers (PE, PVC, PS, PTFE)
- Condensation Polymers (Nylon 6,6, Polyester)
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Module 8: Applying Chemical Ideas
- Qualitative Investigations to Test for the Presence of Functional Groups
- Importance of Monitoring the Environment
- Qualitative Investigations to Test for the Presence of Ions
- Gravimetric Analysis and Precipitation Titrations
- Colourimetry, UV Spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- Proton and Carbon-13 NMR, Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy
- Designing a Chemical Synthesis Process
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Biology
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Module 5: Heredity
- Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
- Reproduction in Animals
- Reproduction in Plants
- Reproduction of Fungi, Bacteria and Protists
- Fertilization and Implantation
- Mitosis and Meiosis
- DNA Replication
- DNA in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- Polypeptide Synthesis
- Protein Structure and Function
- Genetic Variation
- Combinations of Genotypes
- Pedigrees and Punnett Squares
- DNA Sequencing and Profiling
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Module 6: Genetic Change
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Module 7: Infectious Disease
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Module 8: Non-infectious disease and disorders
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Physics
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Module 5: Advanced Mechanics
- Intro to Projectile Motion
- Projectile Motion: Initial Velocity & Launch Angle
- Projectile Motion: Max Height & Time of flight
- Projectile Motion: Final Velocity, Launch Height & Range
- More Projectile Motion Questions
- Introduction to Circular Motion
- Circular Forces Applications
- Forces in Circular Motion
- Angular Motion
- Relationships in Uniform Circular Motion
- Energy and Work in Circular Motion
- Torque and Rotation of Mechanical Systems
- Rotational Power, Work & Energy
- Centripetal Force & Acceleration
- Gravitational Field Strength at any Point
- Gravitational Force
- Force of Gravity Between Two Objects
- Gravitational Field Strength
- Orbital Velocity
- Orbital Period
- Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
- Escape Velocity
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Change in Energy Between Orbits
- Gravitational and Electric Fields
- Applications of Gravitational Force & Energy
- Geostationary and Geosynchronous Orbits
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Module 6: Electromagnetism
- Interactions Between Charged Particles
- Forces Between Charged Particles
- Electric Potential Energy
- Acceleration in an Electric Field
- Work in an Electric Field
- Magnetic Flux Change
- Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field
- Charged Particles Moving in Magnetic Fields
- Faraday's Law & Lenz's Law
- Interaction Between Two Parallel Current-Carrying Wires
- Current-Carrying Conductor in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- DC Motors
- AC and DC Motors
- Back EMF in DC Motors
- Lenz’s Law & the Conservation of Energy
- Power Loss in Transformers
- Transformers
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Module 7: The Nature of Light
- Maxwell and Electromagnetism
- Speed of Light
- Discharge Tubes and Spectra
- Spectroscopy
- Spectra of Stars
- Diffraction
- Double Slit Interference
- Malus’ Law
- Production and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
- Black Body Radiation and Wein & Plank's laws
- Plane Polarisation of Light
- Newton and Huygens Models of Light
- Photoelectric Effect
- Einstien's Thought Experiements
- Einstein’s Postulates on Relativity
- Applications of Special Relativity
- Time Dilation and Length Contraction
- Relativistic Momentum
- Mass–Energy Equivalence
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Module 8: From the Universe to the Atom
- Big Bang
- Energy Released in Nuclear Decays or Transmutations
- Nuclear Reactions that Occur in Stars
- Nucleosynthesis Reactions
- Classification of Stars
- Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
- Finding the Energy of a Photon
- Rutherford and Bohr Atomic Models
- Quantised Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom
- Schrödinger & de Broglie
- Nuclear Model of the Atom
- Radiation & Half Lives
- Nuclear Fusion Energy
- Nuclear Fission
- Introduction to Deep Inside the Atom
- Nuclear Transmutations and Energy
- What is the Standard Model of Matter
- Properties of the Electron
- Standard Model of Matter: Fundamental Forces
- Standard Model of Matter: Quarks & Hardrons
- Standard Model of Matter: Leptons
- Standard Model of Matter: Particle Accelerators
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Economics
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Topic One: The Global Economy
- The Global Economy
- Gross World Product
- Globalisation Drivers
- International and Regional Business Cycles
- The Basis of Free Trade: Advantages and Disadvantages
- International Organisations: WTO, IMF and World Bank
- International Organisations: United Nations and OECD
- International Organisations: Difference between World Bank and IMF
- Influence of Government Economic Forums: G20, G7/8
- Reasons for Protection
- Methods of Protection: Tariffs
- Methods of Protection: Subsidies
- Methods of Protection: Quotas, Local Content Rules and Export Incentives
- Economic Development
- Distribution of Income and Wealth and Income and Quality of Life Indicators
- Developing Economies, Emerging Economies, and Advanced Economies
- Reasons for Differences Between Nations
- Effects of Globalisation
- Environmental Sustainability of Globaliastion
- Case Study of Globalisation: China
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Topic Two: Australia's Place in the Global Economy
- Trends in Australia's Trade Pattern
- Trends in Financial Flows: Debt and Equity
- Balance of Payments: Structure of the Current Account
- Balance of Payments: Structure of the Capital and Financial Account
- Links between key Balance of Payments Categories
- Trends in the Size and Composition of Australia’s Balance of Payments
- Effects of these Trends on Australia’s Balance of Payments: Causes of the CAD
- Effects of these Trends on Australia’s Balance of Payments: effects of the CAD
- Exchange Rates and the Trade Weighted Index
- Terms of Trade
- Factors Affecting the Demand for and Supply of AUD
- Exchange Rate Appreciation/Depreciation
- Fixed, Flexible and Managed Exchange Rates
- The Influence of the Reserve Bank of Australia on Exchange Rates
- The Effects of Fluctuations in Exchange Rates on the Australian Economy
- Australia’s Policies Regarding Free Trade and Protection
- Australia’s Multilateral and Bilateral Free Trade Agreements
- Implications of Australia’s Free Trade Policies for Individuals, Firms and Governments
- Implications for Australia of Protectionist Policies of Other Countries and Trading Blocs
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Topic Four: Economic Policies and Management
- Federal Government Budgets and Budget Outcomes
- Effects of Budgetary Changes on Resource Use, Income Distribution and Economic Activity
- Methods of Financing Deficits and Use of a Surplus
- Purpose of Monetary Policy
- Implementation of Monetary Policy
- Impact of Changes in Interest Rates on Economic Activity and the Exchange Rate
- Microeconomic Policies and Their Effects
- Minimum Employment Standards, Minimum wages, Awards, Enterprise Agreements and Employment Contracts for High Income Earners"
- Dispute Resolution
- Arguments for and against the use of Centralised, Decentralised and Individualised Methods of Determining Employment Contracts
- Education, Training and Employment Programs
- Limitations of Economic Policies
- National and Global Context for Environmental Management: Regulations, Market-based Policies, Targets and International Agreements
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Topic Three: Economic Issues
- Aggregate Demand and its Components Y=C+I+G+X-M
- Injections and Withdrawals (I+G+X; S+T+M)
- Simple Multiplier
- Measurement of Growth through Changes in Real Gross Domestic Product
- Sources and Effects of Economic Growth in Australia
- Increases in Aggregate Supply: Improvements in Efficiency and Technology
- Trends in Business Cycle
- Measurement of unemployment: Labour force, Participation rate, Unemployment Rate
- Types and Causes: Cyclical, structural, frictional, seasonal, underemployment, hidden, long term
- Non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU)
- Effects of Unemployment: Economic and Social Costs
- Measurement of Inflation: Headline and Underlying
- Inflation Trends
- Causes of Inflation: Demand, Cost, Imported and Inflationary expectations
- Inflation: Positive and Negative effects
- External Stability
- Trends in External Stability
- Causes of high CAD and Positive and Negative Effects
- Measurement of Distribution of Income and Wealth: Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient
- Taxation, Transfer Payments, and Other Assistance
- Sources of Income as a Percentage of Household Income and Sources of Wealth
- Economic and Social Costs and Benefits of Inequality
- Ecologically Sustainable Development
- Private and Social Costs and Benefits: Externalities and Market Failure
- Public and Private Goods: Free Riders
- Environmental Issues: Preservation, Pollution, Depletion
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Study Skills
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How to Effectively Prepare for your HSC Exams
- When Should I Start Studying for My Exams?
- What Order Should you Study your Exams In?
- Should I Prepare for My Exams By Doing Practice Papers?
- How Do I Study for My Exams And Stay Stress Free?
- What Should I do If I Got a Bad Mark in My HSC Trials?
- What Do I Do If I've Left Studying Until the Last Minute?
- What Should I do Before My Exam?
- What Should I Do the Night Before My First Exam?
- What is Test Anxiety and How Do I Avoid It?
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How to Master Exam Technique for Your Exams
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How to Succeed in the Classroom
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How to Write Study Notes
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How to Study Effectively
- What Are Some Good Study Habits to Have From the Start of Year 12?
- How Do I Create a Study Plan?
- What is Memory Retention and How Do I Use It to Study Effectively
- Should I Study By Re-Reading My Study Notes?
- How Do I Stop Cramming Before an Exam?
- What Are Some Effective Study Methods?
- How Should I Study for HSC Economics
- How Should I Study for HSC Physics?
- How Should I Study for HSC Maths?
- How Should I Study for HSC English?
- How Should I Study for HSC History?
- How Should I Study for HSC Business Studies?
- How Should I Study for HSC Chemistry?
- How Should I Study for HSC Biology?
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How to Stay Motivated During your HSC
- Why Are Goals Important and How Do I Set Goals For My HSC?
- How Can I Bounce Back from Bad Assessment Marks?
- How Do I Quickly Improve My HSC Marks?
- How Do You Overcome Procrastination?
- What is the Difference Between an Average and a Top Performing HSC Student?
- Why is Hard Work Not Enough During the HSC?
- Why Should I NOT Aim for A Crazy High ATAR?
- How do I Get a High Band 6 In a HSC Subject?
- How Do I Stay Motivated While Studying?
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How to Maintain a Healthy Balance During Your HSC
- What Should I Give Up to Achieve My HSC Goals?
- Should I Give Up My Extra Curricular Activities?
- How Can I Bounce Back from Burnout?
- How Do I Take a Break and Not Feel Guilty?
- Why Do I Need to Celebrate My Wins During the HSC?
- How Can I Study During the Holidays While Still Taking a Break?
- How Many Hours Should I Sleep Each Night During My HSC?
- How Do I Get Through Everything That Happens in Year 12?
- Does Exercise Make Me a Better Student?
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What Kind of Environment Should You Study In?
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How to Effectively Manage Your Time
- How Long Should My Study Breaks Be?
- How Can I Study Less and Still Improve My Marks?
- How Long Should I Be Studying a Day?
- Is Planning Better Than Cramming?
- How Do I Plan in Advance For My Exams?
- How Can I Study For My HSC Exams in a Month?
- There's 2 weeks until my exam! How Should I Study?
- There's Only a Few Days Until My Exam! How Should I Study?
- Should I Study During the Holidays?
- What Should I Do if I Have Two Exams on the Same Day?
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