VCE Together Year 12 Biology: Non-Self Antigens, Self-Antigens, and Allergens

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Non-Self Antigens, Self-Antigens, and Allergens

Non-Self Antigens, Self-Antigens, and Allergens is a part of the VCE Biology area of study ‘How do Cellular Processes Work?’ and subtopic ‘Responding to Antigens’.

What are Non-Self Antigens, Self-Antigens, and Allergens?

Non-self antigens refer to any substance that is recognised as foreign by the immune system. These can include bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that are not naturally found in the body. Non-self antigens trigger an immune response and the body produces antibodies to attack and destroy the invading pathogens.

Self-antigens, on the other hand, refer to substances that are normally present in the body and are recognised as “self” by the immune system. These can include cells, tissues, and proteins that make up the body’s normal physiology. The immune system is programmed to tolerate self-antigens and not to attack them. However, in some cases, the immune system may mistakenly recognise self-antigens as foreign and attack them, resulting in autoimmune disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Allergens are a type of non-self antigen that cause an abnormal immune response, known as an allergic reaction. These can include things like pollen, animal dander, or certain foods. The immune system produces specific antibodies, known as immunoglobulin E (IgE), to attack these allergens. This results in the release of histamine and other chemicals, which leads to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and swelling.

In summary, non-self antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response, self-antigens are substances that are normally present in the body and are not attacked by the immune system and allergens are a type of non-self antigen that causes an abnormal immune response known as an allergic reaction.

What’s the Difference Between Self and Non-Self Antigens?

Watch this video to learn more!

How does the Body Respond to Antigens?

Watch this video for a brief introduction to the immune system responses.

Looking for more resources? Check out more of our VCE Biology resources here!

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